NEC 2023 · Article 625
NEC Article 625 — EV Charger Circuit Requirements
Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is a continuous load with its own article. These are the circuit-sizing, GFCI, and disconnect rules for the installs that are showing up on every residential work order.
Common Charger-to-Circuit Pairings (125% Rule)
EVSE is a continuous load — size the overcurrent device and conductors at 125% of the charger's maximum current. Copper sizes shown assume 75°C terminations and no derating; adjust for your conditions of use.
| Charger Output | Min. Circuit / Breaker | Typical Copper |
|---|---|---|
| 16A charger (3.8 kW @ 240V) | 20A | 12 AWG Cu |
| 24A charger (5.8 kW) | 30A | 10 AWG Cu |
| 32A charger (7.7 kW) | 40A | 8 AWG Cu |
| 40A charger (9.6 kW) | 50A | 8 AWG Cu (75°C) |
| 48A charger (11.5 kW) | 60A | 6 AWG Cu (75°C) |
The Rules That Get Cited
- • Dedicated circuit — 625.40: each outlet installed for EV charging gets an individual branch circuit with no other outlets. Exception: loads controlled by an energy management system per 625.42.
- • Load management — 625.42: an EMS or the EVSE's own adjustable current setting can set the calculated load — how panel-constrained houses get a charger without a service upgrade. If adjustable, the setting method must be restricted (tool, password, or similar).
- • GFCI — 625.54: receptacles installed for EV power transfer require GFCI protection. That includes the NEMA 14-50 behind a plug-in charger.
- • Disconnect — 625.43: hardwired equipment rated over 60A or over 150V to ground needs a disconnecting means in a readily accessible location, in sight of the equipment, and lockable open.
- • Service capacity: run an Article 220 load calculation before adding a 48A charger to an existing dwelling — the charger alone adds 11.5 kW of continuous load unless managed.
Field Notes
- • Hardwiring a 48A-capable charger avoids both the receptacle GFCI (nuisance-trip complaints) and the 50A receptacle cap — most manufacturers require hardwiring above 40A output.
- • Many chargers ship with adjustable output: a "60A" unit set to 40A can legally ride a 50A circuit — document the setting.
- • Check the terminal temperature rating on the EVSE — some are 60°C, which changes the conductor size.
- • Local energy codes and utility EV programs may add metering or load-management requirements on top of the NEC.
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